Most cells of the epidermis are relatively unspecialized.
Also includes guard cells (which contain chloroplasts) that surround pores, called stomata. Guard cells are often associated with subsidiary cells and control transpiration and carbon dioxide intake.
Trichomes—hair-like structures that fill a variety of roles
prevention of water loss
defense
Periderm replaces the epidermis in stems and roots having secondary growth.
Cork (non-living); also called phellem
Cork cambium; also called phellogen
Phelloderm (living parenchyma tissue)